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COLD AND FLU

Flu

What is the Flu?

The flu (influenza) is an infection caused by a virus, like a cold, but a different type of virus. Flu symptoms are usually worse than cold symptoms and they generally last longer.

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The flu is usually spread in late fall and early winter – we call this Flu Season. The flu is caused by influenza virus A and B. There are different strains of the flu every season and this is why we recommend yearly flu vaccines. 

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Antibiotics DO NOT improve the symptoms of the flu. 

Symptoms

  • Fever 

  • Body aches, headache 

  • Dry cough 

  • Fatigue 

  • Sore throat 

  • Decreased appetite

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The symptoms are usually at their worst for the first 3-4 days but it can take 1-2 weeks for the symptoms to completely resolve.

Caring for Yourself at Home

Most people will get better on their own but sometimes the flu can lead to a bacterial infection like an ear or sinus infection, or pneumonia. If this happens, you may need to see a doctor who will determine if you need antibiotics. 

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Some people might have a harder time if they catch the flu. This includes young children, pregnant women, older adults and people with chronic illnesses or illnesses affecting their immune system. These people might need antiviral medication and should see a doctor if they develop severe symptoms.

If you have an uncomplicated flu, you do not necessarily need to see a doctor. There are plenty of things you can do at home to help your symptoms.

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  • Drink plenty of fluids 

  • Speak to your pharmacist about over-the-counter medicines to treat your symptoms 

  • Stay home! You are contagious – if you really need to leave the house, wear a mask to protect others 

  • Get plenty of rest 

  • Use saline nasal washes to help clear out mucus and keep your nasal passages open 

  • Use a vaporizer or humidifier to add moisture to your bedroom 

  • Use facial tissues with lotion so you don't develop irritation under your nose from repeated nose blowing 

  • Elevate your head at night with an extra pillow if coughing is keeping you awake

When to Call a Doctor

  • Your child is 3 months or younger and has a fever of 38°C (100°F) or higher. 

  • Your fever doesn't seem to improve when you take Tylenol or Advil 

  • You develop wheezing 

  • Your symptoms do not improve within the expected timeframe 

  • You have symptoms of a bacterial lung infection, such as feeling short of breath, or a worsening cough that produces yellow, green, rust-coloured, or bloody mucus 

  • It is always ok to call your doctor if you are concerned about your symptoms, even if it is just for reassurance 

Go to the emergency room or call 9-1-1 if you have the following:

  • Trouble breathing, or you feel very short of breath. 

  • Severe headache or stiff neck, and are confused or having trouble staying awake.

Preventing the Flu

The flu is spread from person to person through: 

  • Direct contact, like shaking hands with someone 

  • Tiny droplets, like when someone sneezes or coughs 

  • Contact with objects that have been touched by someone infected with the flu

There are several things you can do to help prevent the flu: 

  • Wash your hands often. 

  • Be extra careful in the winter and when you're around people with the flu.

  • Keep your hands away from your face. Your nose, eyes, and mouth are the most likely places for germs to enter your body. 

  • Eat well, and get plenty of sleep and exercise. This keeps your body strong so it can fight the flu. 

  • Don't smoke. Smoking makes it easier to get a flu and harder to get rid of one. 

 

The flu vaccine is our best defense against influenza. The flu shot CANNOT cause the flu. You can experience some mild symptoms after getting the flu shot – this just means your immune system is doing its job. 

 

The vaccine usually prevents most cases of the flu. Some people might still catch it but their symptoms are likely to be much milder if they have been vaccinated. 

For More Information

For More Information

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